Theoretical Framework

 27/09/22

LO: To apply the theoretical framework to media texts

What is the Theoretical Framework?

Media Language

All the different elements used to construct any media product.

• Camerawork (Cinematography)
• Soundtrack
• Mise-en-scene
• Editing

Cinematography

Establishing Shot (ES) - 

Establishing shots are usually seen at the start of a scene, allows it to show location, time of day, etc.

Wide Shot (WS) - 

Wide shots are used to show capture characters emotions, like loneliness, being lost, isolation,  distance. It also shows the scale of the scene and the surroundings / location, but with a subject.

Medium / Mid Shot (MS) -

A medium shot is like a neutral shot, starting with the visibility of a character being above the waist, but below the chest, and ends just above the head; whilst showing emotion through their body language or facial expression, it is the most commonly used shot.

Medium Close Up (MCU) - 

A medium close is roughly head to chest, which focuses on capturing characters reaction, mainly discarding distraction.

Close Up (CU) - 

Close Ups are most often arranged at eye level, which shows characters thoughts and feelings. This shot type only shows their head, as it focuses on expressions and emotions.

Extreme Close Up (ECU) - 

Frames at an isolated specific area, such as lips, eyes, facial features, usually only one part of the face. It could also be a different body part.

Soundtrack

Includes ALL sound heard in a film / TV show/

• Music 
• Sound effects
• Dialogue
• Voiceover

Can be DIEGETIC or NON DIEGETIC

Diegetic - 

Diegetic sounds are sounds that are real, not SFX. They are sounds you would hear if you were on set / in the scene. 

Non Diegetic -

Non Diegetic sounds are sounds that are added in after the scene is created, like music, voice overs or a narrator. You wouldn't hear them if you were in the scene. 

Mise-en-scene

Mise-en-scene is the arrangement of actors, props and scenery on a stage for a theatrical production, it includes everything that can be seen in a frame, like costumes, lighting, hair and make up, actor positioning, body language, facial expression, props, and the setting.

• The bike lights suggest its dark
• Elevens expression is very serious
• Theres alot going on in the frame
• Joyce looks scared and confused
• Will is kind of hidden and seems scared
• The letters in the left background look handwritten and have been written quickly and in panic 
• The sheriff uniform is from 1980's so its set around there
• The bikes are not very modern
• The clothing isnt very modern 
• The guy with a hazmat suit has a neon glow which shows something toxic or dangerous.

Image

• He is at some sort of carnival 
• He is slouching
• He is holding a duffel bag which connotes something important is in it
• Theres some sort of smoke in the background that could connote something has happened back there and he is walking away from it as if he did it
• It seems like halloween which connotes something scary or creepy could be happening
• He is smoking a cigarette that could connote he is a bad man 
• He looks stern which connotes he is serious about something
• The clothes connote that it is set in the past
• Suspicious character as he shows no interest to the rides like others which connotes he is not there for the carnival

9 Different Cuts

Standard / Straight cut - 2 Clips together

Jump cut - Jumps / Cuts through time  

Parallel / Cross Editing - Builds suspense , shows 2 different things at the same time

Cutaway - Informing the viewer where you are in the scene, better understanding, extra info

Montage - Piecing together clips, mainly in action / fight movies.

Match cut - Matching a characters actions into the next scene

Editing

Editing includes all the post production work on a moving image, like transitions, pace and speed of cuts, CGI, green screening and graphics. 

4/10/22
Media Institutions

Media Audiences

Media Representation